The Evolution of Figurative Language: A Comparison Between Modern and Shakespearean Writing

In discussions of literature and language, one often hears about the decline of figurative language in modern writing and speaking. The assertion that figurative language is vanishing is a common topic of debate. While it is understandable that some may fail to grasp the nuances of figurative language as was the case in Shakespeare’s time, this does not indicate its complete disappearance. In fact, figurative language is more present in modern texts than perhaps we realize, though in different forms.

The Presence of Figurative Language in Modern Technical Terms

It is a misconception to believe there is a decrease in the use of figurative language. In some types of texts, figurative language is not only expected but frequently present, albeit in the form of technical terms. Consider the term 'automobile.' Despite the fact that an automobile moves using petrol and buttons and gears, it is still referred to as 'self-moving.' This is because 'self-moving' evokes a sense of convenience and automation similar to human and animal movement, hence making it a figurative term.

Shakespeare and the Use of Figurative Language

Shakespeare, on the other hand, is a very different topic. In his works and in Beowulf, you often find a profusion of similes and figurative language. This is not because they lacked a modern understanding of language but because they relied heavily on the oral performance of plays and poetry, often before audiences that tended to be more boisterous than modern audiences. These oral performers and their written texts repeatedly emphasized key points, using figurative language to avoid boring their audience.

Factors Leading to the Decrease in Figurative Language

The decline in figurative language in modern writing and speaking can be attributed to several factors. First, language simplification has led to a preference for clarity and brevity. Complex metaphors or poetic devices are often seen as excessive in modern communication. Second, cultural shifts towards realism and minimalism have prioritized directness and simplicity over the more ornate language of Shakespeare’s time. Third, the rise of digital communication has changed the way we communicate. Texting, social media, and emails favor fast and concise exchanges, leaving little room for elaborate figurative language. Additionally, the influence of visual media has reduced the need for detailed imagery in language, as modern storytelling increasingly relies on visual cues in film and TV. Finally, changing education focus now emphasizes functional literacy and practical writing over the classical rhetoric that once encouraged frequent use of figurative language.

Changing Audience Preferences

Modern audiences generally prefer accessible and straightforward language, finding overly figurative or poetic expressions less relevant to everyday communication. This shift in preference further contributes to the decrease in figurative language use.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the decrease in figurative language use is the result of a complex interplay of factors including language evolution, cultural and literary shifts, the rise of digital communication, changes in educational focus, and the broader expectation for clarity and accessibility in modern writing and speech.