The Month of Ravana's Death: Mythical and Historical Perspectives

Legends surrounding the ancient Indian epic, the Ramayana, offer a multitude of perspectives on when and how Ravana, the demon king, met his end. Various texts provide different dates and circumstances for this significant event, each reflecting the rich cultural and mythological tapestry of ancient India.

Defining the Mythical Account

According to the Ramayana, the most widely recognized version of the epic, Lord Rama killed Ravana on the Dashami (tenth) day of the Shukla (waxing) Paksha (phase) of the Ashwin month. This day is celebrated as Vijayadashami or Dussehra, a festival marking the triumph of good over evil. (This date aligns with the historical month of October in many years.)

During the battle, Lord Rama used a total of 31 arrows. Ten of these arrows were so powerful that they detached from Ravana's 10 heads, while another 20 arrows severed Ravana's 20 hands. One arrow struck Ravana's navel, causing the earth to tremble upon his demise. After this monumental battle, Rama did not enter Lanka, adhering to his divine mission to rescue his wife Sita and return to Ayodhya.

Alternative Perspectives

However, other texts and interpretations suggest a different narrative. According to Valmiki's Ramayana, Ravana could have been slain on An Amavasya (new moon) or the falling Pratipada (first waxing moon) of the Hindi months 'Poush', 'Maagh', or 'Falgun'. While the exact month is uncertain, there is consensus that Ravana was not killed on the Ashwin Shukla Dashami as stated by the Ramayana.

Historical Dependence and Modern Celebrations

The modern celebration of Dussehra often aligns with the month of October, reflecting historical dependence and cultural adaptation. During the festival, effigies of Ravana are burned to symbolize the victory of Lord Rama. This tradition not only commemorates a pivotal event in Hindu mythology but also encapsulates the triumph of righteousness over malevolence.

Revelation of Vibhishana

Vibhishana, Ravana's brother, revealed to Lord Rama that Ravana had Amrita (nectar) in his navel, which disturbed his concentration on Sita. Rama, focusing on breaking Ravana's concentration, shot arrows at his navel, ultimately culminating in Ravana's defeat. This narrative adds complexity to the battle, emphasizing the strategic and divine elements that led to Ravana's ultimate defeat.

Conclusion

The month of Ravana's death is a topic of speculation and myth, with different interpretations from various sources. While many adhere to the historical month of October and the Vijayadashami celebration, debates persist about the exact lunar phase and month. Regardless of the exact timing, the event remains a powerful symbol of the triumph of good over evil, a story that continues to inspire and inform moral values in Hindu tradition and beyond.