Historical Scenario: Could Mahatma Gandhi Have Prevented Bhagat Singh's Execution?

One of the intriguing questions in the annals of Indian history is: What if Mahatma Gandhi managed to save Bhagat Singh from execution? The answer, of course, remains speculative, but the question itself sheds light on the differing ideologies of two influential figures in India's journey toward independence.

The 1931 Letter from Gandhi to the Viceroy

On March 23, 1931, M. K. Gandhi wrote a heartfelt letter to the Viceroy of India, making a final plea for the life of Bhagat Singh, a leading figure in the Indian independence movement. The letter is a testament to the complex reasoning and moral deliberations that shaped Gandhi's approach to non-violence and peace.

Letter Details

Addressed To: The Viceroyn, Government of India
Date: March 23, 1931
To: LORD CHERMSIDE

Gandhi’s Letter:

Dear Friend,

It seems cruel to inflict this letter on you, but the interest of peace demands a final appeal. Though you were frank enough to tell me that there was little hope of commuting the sentence of death on Bhagat Singh and two others, you said you would consider my submission of Saturday. Dr. Sapru met me yesterday and said that you were troubled over the matter and taxing your brain as to the proper course to adopt. If there is any room left for reconsideration, I invite your attention to the following.

Popular opinion, rightly or wrongly, demands commutation. When there is no principle at stake, it is often a duty to respect it.

In the present case, the chances are that if commutation is granted, internal peace is most likely to be promoted. In the event of execution, peace is undoubtedly in danger.

Seeing that I am able to inform you that the revolutionary party has assured me that in the event of these lives being spared, that party will stay its hands. Suspension of sentence pending the cessation of revolutionary murders becomes, in my opinion, a peremptory duty.

Political murders have been condoned before now. It is worthwhile saving these lives if thereby many other innocent lives are likely to be saved, and maybe even revolutionary crime almost stamped out.

Since you seem to value my influence such as it is in favor of peace, do not please unnecessarily make my position difficult as it is almost too difficult for future work.

Execution is an irretrievable act. If you think there is the slightest chance of error of judgment, I would urge you to suspend for further review an act that is beyond recall.

If my presence is necessary, I can come. Though I may not speak, I may hear and write what I want to say.

“Charity never faileth.”

I am,

Your sincere friend,

M. K. Gandhi

From a Photostat: C.W. 9343. Courtesy: India Office Library

Philosophy of Non-Violence and Its Legacy

Gandhi’s philosophy was not only to gain independence but also to set a narrative for tomorrow’s independent India. Non-violence has established India as one of the most tolerant nations, and a soft foreign policy has won India where it stands today. We have become formidable with a positive worldview, where warlords may have won battles but have lost in the long run. Most nations who sought freedom through violence are still either fighting or striving to rebuild their societies after regular breaks.

It is Gandhi’s philosophy that has made India the world's largest and most credible democracy. We must celebrate his legacy by honoring his principles and ideals.

Conclusion

The hypothetical scenario of saving Bhagat Singh's life serves as a poignant reminder of the broader implications of non-violent resistance. While the final outcome may have been different, the ideals Gandhi upheld have undoubtedly shaped the course of Indian history.

The world could be a different place today, and we might marvel at the enduring impact of non-violence, much like the world marveled at what India became under Gandhi’s leadership.