The Symbolism of Argos in the Odyssey and its Meaning

Introduction

The Odyssey is one of the most profound works of Greek literature, featuring a rich tapestry of characters and symbolism. Among the many symbolic elements in this epic, the death of Argos, Odysseus' loyal hound, carries significant meaning. Argos serves as a symbol of faithfulness and time, warning of the looming danger that threatens Odysseus' homeland and his family.

The Symbolism of Argos

Argos, the aging hound of Odysseus, represents the enduring bond between a master and his loyal servant. Odysseus returns to Ithaca after 20 years of wandering, and his reunion with Argos symbolizes the breaking of years, the changing of times, and the return to one's roots.

When Odysseus sees Argos, the hound is by the door, exhausted and old. It can no longer guard the house as it once could. The dog's uttering of Odysseus' name as it collapses at his feet is a profound symbol of fidelity. Here, the faithful servant is no longer able to fulfill his duties, reflecting the passage of time and the losses that come with it.

However, it is important to remember that before his death, Argos served as a guard and a protector. Just like the suitors who are depleting Odysseus' household, Argos could no longer protect his master's home. The death of Argos signifies the end of his protective role, just as the suitors represent a new type of threat to the household.

The Dangers of Ithaca and Its Suitors

The Ithacans, specifically the suitors who wish to marry Penelope and take control of Odysseus' household, are a formidable threat to both the physical and emotional security of the house. These suitors, in a manner of speaking, are eating away at the very essence of Odysseus' legacy and his family's well-being. Their continuous presence is like a cancer, slowly depleting the resources and dignity of Odysseus' home.

The suitors have been present for 20 years, since Odysseus left Ithaca, and their treatment of Argos—shown by the narrator that it was mistreated—echoes the mistreatment of Odysseus' family by these suitors. Argos, as a symbol of the old order, represents the family’s hopes and expectations, which have been compromised by the suitors' greed and disdain for the family's dignity.

The All-Seeing Titan Argus Panoptes

In Greek mythology, Argus Panoptes, the Titan with 100 eyes, was tasked by Hera with guarding Io, a nymph who had been transformed into a cow by Zeus, to prevent him from continuing his liaison with the nymph. Hermes, playing the role of a divine messenger, was sent on a mission of mercy to eliminate Argus so that Zeus could be alone with Io.

However, in this context, it would be more relevant to compare the end of Argus in terms of fitting the value of continual vigilance and the weakening of one's guard, much like the Greek Titan who could only sleep two at a time. The story of his death underscores the theme that vigilance must be constant and unfailing.

Conclusion

The death of Argos in the Odyssey is a poignant and symbolic event that encapsulates the ever-present dangers facing Odysseus' home. Argos’ death serves as a poignant reminder that even the most loyal and faithful of servants cannot protect a household from the encroaching dangers of time and the suitors. The suitors, much like Argus, cannot be allowed to continue their destructive reign over Odysseus' household, and the future of the house of Ithaca depends on the swift and decisive actions of Odysseus himself.