Introduction

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, better known as J.R.R. Tolkien, is a towering figure in the realm of fantasy literature. His works, particularly the Lord of the Rings trilogy, have captivated readers for decades with their rich tapestry of languages, cultures, and mythologies. But what inspired Tolkien to create this intricate world? In this article, we explore the various literary influences that shaped Tolkien's creative endeavors.

The Bible, Catholic Writings, and European Mythologies

Tolkien's inspiration drew from a diverse array of sources, including the Bible, Catholic writings, and European mythologies. His deep reading of these texts provided a rich backdrop for his own invented mythos. The Bible and early Christian writings offered a profound sense of history and divine intervention, which Tolkien incorporated into his own stories. Additionally, the mythologies of different European cultures, such as Norse, Greek, and Finnish, enriched the fantasy elements of his creations, providing a framework for magic, gods, and heroic tales.

The Kalevala and Tolkien's National Mythos

The Kalevala, compiled by Elias Linnrot, played a crucial role in Tolkien's inspiration. Linnrot collected folk myths and poetry, adding his own material to create a national mythos for Finland. Similarly, Tolkien was inspired to create a national mythos for England, albeit with a strong focus on the language and culture that he envisioned as unaffected by French influence. The Kalevala served as a model for Tolkien's own literary endeavors, particularly in his ambitious creation of the Legendarium, a comprehensive mythology centered around Middle-earth.

European Travels and Personal Experiences

Tolkien's personal experiences and travels also significantly influenced his writing. During his time in World War One, he drew strength from the camaraderie of his peers and the tumultuous events of the war. His visits to the Lauterbrunnen Valley in Switzerland inspired the creation of Rivendell, while his travels through Europe provided him with vivid imagery that he incorporated into the landscapes of Middle-earth. For instance, the Shire bears the imprint of Tolkien's dislike for industrialization and his admiration for the simpler, agrarian lifestyle. These personal and geographical inspirations seamlessly blended with his academic background to create a unique and compelling world.

Conclusion

Tolkien's works are a testament to the power of diverse literary influences. From the Bible and Catholic writings to the myths of various European cultures, including the Finnish Kalevala, Tolkien's literary journey is a rich tapestry of inspiration. His personal experiences, coupled with his deep academic knowledge of languages and myths, created a world that resonates with readers to this day. Understanding the literary influences behind Tolkien's creations provides a deeper appreciation of his masterful storytelling and the complex mythologies he crafted.