Exploring the Poet of Nature in English Literature: William Shakespeare vs. William Wordsworth

Introduction

The role of the poet of nature in English literature is a rich and complex one, reflecting the deep connection between human experience and the natural world. This article explores the debate surrounding the title 'poet of nature,' focusing on the works of William Shakespeare and William Wordsworth. We will examine the unique contributions of each poet and discuss why one has often been labeled the 'poet of nature.'

William Shakespeare: A Title of Deception?

In his Preface to Shakespeare, Samuel Johnson famously wrote, 'Shakespeare is above all writers at least above all modern writers the poet of nature. ' However, the label 'poet of nature' can sometimes be seen as misleading. Johnson’s statement does not actually refer to the poet's depiction of the natural world, but rather to his ability to capture the essence of human nature and behavior in a true and unassuming manner. Johnson praises Shakespeare’s poetry for its honesty and its portrayal of the true nature of human beings.

The Romantics and the Poet of Nature

The Romantic period (1785-1830) saw a resurgence in interest in the natural world, and poets began to turn more explicitly to nature as a subject in their works. William Wordsworth, a prominent figure of this era, is often credited with being 'the poet of nature.' This distinction, however, brings up several interesting points of discussion.

William Wordsworth: The True Poet of Nature?

William Wordsworth's poetry is characterized by its depictions of the natural world and its impact on human emotion. One of his most celebrated works, "Tintern Abbey," exemplifies his approach. The poem reflects on the poet's return to the presence of nature, highlighting its profound effect on his life and thoughts.

Wordsworth’s 'Lyrical Ballads' with Samuel Taylor Coleridge was a significant moment in poetry, positioning nature at the center of the poet's inspiration. His poetry often explores the interactions between humans and their environment, emphasizing the emotional and spiritual significance of nature. Unlike Shakespeare, Wordsworth’s poetry is direct and reflective of the natural world without the use of academic or poetic artifice.

Contemporary Nature Poets

While Shakespeare and Wordsworth are foundational in discussions of nature poetry, there are numerous contemporary poets who continue to explore this theme. Mary Oliver, John Clare, Archie Ammons, and Wendell Berry are notable examples of modern poets who have made significant contributions to the genre.

John Clare: The Naturalist Poet

John Clare, a contemporary of Wordsworth, is known for his direct and detailed observations of the natural world. Unlike Wordsworth, who often used high-flown rhetoric, Clare writes with a more naturalistic and folksy voice, describing the intricacies of nature, such as the various ways birds build their nests. Clare’s poetry is deeply rooted in his studies and observations, making him a true naturalist who writes from a place of authenticity and keen awareness.

Shakespeare and the Nature of Things

While Shakespeare may not be typically labeled the 'poet of nature,' his works are imbued with a profound understanding of the natural world and its influence on human behavior. Johnson’s description of Shakespeare as 'the poet of nature' refers to his ability to capture the essence of human nature without the embellishments of poetic artifice. Shakespeare’s characters and their actions are rooted in common humanity, making his works universal and timeless.

The Complexity of 'Poet of Nature'

The label 'poet of nature' is not without its criticisms. Some argue that the term is redundant, as poetry itself is inherently connected to nature. Others suggest that the term 'nature' is slippery and multifaceted, making it difficult to apply to a single poet. However, in the context of English literature, the term can be useful for denoting a broad aim of art to communicate experience honestly and directly.

Conclusion

Whether William Shakespeare or William Wordsworth is more accurately described as the 'poet of nature' is a matter of interpretation and context. Both poets have made significant contributions to the portrayal and celebration of nature in English literature. While Shakespeare captures the essence of human nature in its rawest form, Wordsworth provides detailed and evocative descriptions of the natural world. Understanding the complexity of these poets and their contributions helps us appreciate the rich tapestry of nature in English poetry.