Can F-1 Students Get an SSN Without a Job? A Comprehensive Guide

As an F-1 visa holder, obtaining a Social Security Number (SSN) can be a challenge, particularly if you do not have a lawful job. This article provides an in-depth guide to help F-1 students understand the eligibility requirements and steps involved in obtaining an SSN.

Eligibility and Restrictions

Students in F-1 status who do not have lawful F-1 employment are not eligible to apply for an SSN. This policy also extends to applications for replacement SSN cards. In contrast, J-1 students are required to show evidence of employment and be in valid J-1 status and registered for a full course of study.

When Might You Need an SSN?

Generally, you will only need an SSN if you plan to work in the United States. This means that unless you have been offered a job and have been cleared by your International Students Office (ISO) and, in some cases, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), you should not apply for an SSN.

Using your SSN, you can report your earnings and pay federal taxes. The Social Security Administration (SSA) will require proof of your employment status during the application process.

Steps to Apply for an SSN

To apply for an SSN, you need to visit your local SSA office. You will need to fill out an SS-5 form, bringing along appropriate identification and documentation.

Identification Required

Name and date of birth Recent photograph of yourself Any other identifying information

Valid forms of identification include:

A government-issued ID with your photograph A birth certificate A valid passport, if applicable

Documentation to Prove Your Work Status

When applying for an SSN, you will need to provide documentation that proves you are authorized to work. This can be done by bringing one of the following documents:

I-94 (Arrival/Departure Record) I-20 (Form for Nonimmigrant Students Issued by U.S. Colleges and Universities) DS-2019 (Form for J-1 Exchange Visitor Programs) I-551 (Green Card) I-766 (Application for Employment Authorization)

If you are planning to work on campus, you will need to bring a letter from your school’s office that:

Identifies you Explains your current student status Provides details of the job you will be doing

Also, bring a letter of employment that includes:

Start date of employment Number of hours you will be working Contact details for your supervisor

If you are participating in Curricular Practical Training (CPT), you will need to bring your I-20 form, with the employment section filled in by your school's office.

Eligibility for M-1 and J-1 Visa Holders

If you are an M-1 or J-1 visa holder, it is advisable to consult the International Students Office to understand your work eligibility. These offices can provide guidance on your specific circumstances and requirements.

Processing and Receiving Your SSN

Once your application is submitted, your SSN will be processed. You should receive it by mail within two weeks of your application. Keep in mind that you do not need your SSN to start work, but it is necessary for tax purposes.

Conclusion

Understanding the requirements for obtaining an SSN as an F-1 student is crucial, especially if you plan to work in the United States. Always consult your school’s International Students Office and/or the USCIS to ensure you meet the necessary criteria before applying.

For more details, you may refer to the How Do I get a Social Security Number if I’m an international student? guide on the Stilt blog.