Why Yudhishtira Is Known as Dharmaraja: A Study in Dharma and Purity

Judicious leadership, as exemplified by Yudhishtira, the eldest Pandava, is often defined through the lens of dharma, the Hindu concept of moral order and righteousness. Yudhishtira is widely recognized as Dharmaraja, meaning 'The King of Dharma.' This title, essential in ancient Indian literature, symbolizes a leader who governs with unimpeachable moral integrity. Let us explore the profound reasons behind Yudhishtira's moniker, supported by textual and contextual sources.

Yudhishtira and the Code of Dharma

Yudhishtira is celebrated for his unwavering adherence to the highest ethical standards in Dwapara Yuga. Unlike other leaders, Yudhishtira’s knowledge and practice of dharma (righteousness) were comprehensive and unyielding. The Bhagavad Gita itself acknowledges this through the words of Krishna, describing Yudhishtira as a paragon of virtue:

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'O Pandava! Dharma is superior to winning the kingdom. O king! It is said that austerity leads to it. You have lived by your own dharma with truthfulness and virtue. You have won this world and the next. You first studied and then observed the vows. You next became skilled in the use of weapons. You obtained riches by practicing the dharma of kshatriyas. You have performed all the ancient sacrifices. You are not addicted to the dharma of sexual pleasure and desire. O Indra among kings! You have never acted out of desire. Nor have you given up dharma out of greed for artha. It is for these reasons that you are Dharmaraja. O king! O Partha! Though you obtained the kingdom and objects of pleasure, benevolence, truthfulness, austerities, devotion, conciliation, forbearance, and forgiveness always brought you supreme pleasure.

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Maintaining Dharma: Yudhishtira's Unwavering Commitment

Yudhishtira’s commitment to dharma is evident in his interactions and decisions. For instance, his argument with Yama, the god of death, and Nahusha, the serpent king, demonstrates his profound understanding and respect for dharma. Moreover, his refusal to accept kingship without his brothers and his decision to prefer a humble position over a divine life exemplify his dedication to collective morality over individual gain. This lesson is encapsulated in the following verses:

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'puyaloko nalo rājā puyaloko yudhihira .
nuyalokā ca vaidehī ...'

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Yudhishtira vs. Arjuna: A Comparative Insight

While both Yudhishtira and Arjuna are revered for their adherence to dharma, there is a significant difference in their approach. Arjuna, known as Dhanurdhari, the archer, was indeed a righteous person. However, his actions were influenced by his role as a warrior. Conversely, Yudhishtira’s dedication to dharma transcended his personal struggles and the chaos of the Mahabharata. His knowledge of dharma, unclouded by personal desires, made him the ideal candidate for the moniker 'Dharmaraja'.

Yudhishtira's Supreme Pleasure

Throughout the Mahabharata, Yudhishtira’s actions, particularly rejecting kingship and choosing to walk with a dog for years, underscore his supreme pleasure derived from adhering to dharma. These actions symbolize his unwavering commitment to righteousness, even when faced with severe personal costs. The story of Yudhishtira walking with a dog and later offering his kingdom to his brothers in lieu of a dog highlights his profound understanding of dharma and his readiness to sacrifice personal desires for the greater good.

Conclusion

Yudhishtira's title as Dharmaraja is a testament to his unparalleled commitment to dharma in the Dwapara Yuga. His unfaltering adherence to moral and ethical standards, his deep knowledge of dharma, and his readiness to make personal sacrifices for righteousness make him a quintessential example of good governance and ethical living.

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