Where Is the Name Ulysses Mentioned in the Odyssey?

The name 'Ulysses' is often associated with the legendary hero of the Greek epic, the Odyssey. However, it is important to understand the historical and linguistic context behind this name and where it appears in the text. This article explores the name 'Ulysses' and its relation to 'Odysseus,' the original hero of the epic.

The Role of Different Names in the Odyssey

While 'Ulysses' might seem familiar to readers of Latin literature, it is actually a Roman adaptation of the name 'Odysseus.' 'Odysseus,' the Greek form of the name, is consistently used throughout Homer's epic poem, the Odyssey. The name 'Ulysses' is derived from the Latin translation of 'Odysseus,' which was used by Roman writers and scholars. This Romanized version is less commonly used in contemporary English translations of the epic.

The Latin Adaptation of 'Odysseus'

It is a common misconception that 'Ulysses' is frequently mentioned in the Odyssey. In fact, the name appears only rarely and is more often used in later Latin translations or when referencing the epic in Roman literature. The original Greek text and earlier English translations predominantly use 'Odysseus.'

Historical Context and Inscriptions

The romanized form 'Ulysses' can be traced back to various vase inscriptions where different spellings of Odysseus' name were recorded. These inscriptions provide insights into the variability of ancient names, reflecting the evolution of language and cultural influences between Greek and Latin.

Modern Usage of 'Ulysses'

While 'Odysseus' remains the most common form in contemporary English translations and discussions of the Odyssey, the name 'Ulysses' has achieved significant prominence through literature and popular culture. For example, James Joyce's novel 'Ulysses' (1922) draws its title from the Roman version of the name, highlighting the enduring appeal and influence of this hero's legend.

Key Textual References

Here are a few examples from the Odyssey where the name 'Odysseus' is prominently featured:

Book I, Line 8: “Sing, goddess, of the man of many devices, of Odysseus, who suffered hardships.”

Book IV, Line 312: “All men regard Odysseus as the cleverest of mankind and the one who has the most refined spirit.”

Book XXIV, Line 41: “Only Odysseus’ son, by then grown to manhood, weeping with his eyes in bloody tears, took the chariot from his dying father.”

Conclusion

In conclusion, the name 'Ulysses' is not as frequently mentioned in the Odyssey as one might think. The most well-known use of the name is perhaps in modern literature and popular culture, particularly James Joyce's 'Ulysses.' However, the name 'Odysseus' has remained the more common and enduring form in the text and broader literary tradition. Understanding the etymology and usage of these names helps us appreciate the rich tapestry of cultural references and linguistic evolution that has shaped the way we understand and interpret the epic.

By exploring the roles of both names, we gain a deeper insight into the complex interactions between ancient Greek and Roman cultures and the enduring legacy of Odysseus, the hero of the Odyssey.