Understanding Secularism in India's Constitution and Its Impact on Citizens

Secularism, though not specifically defined in the Indian Constitution, plays a crucial role in the country's governance and societal landscape. The term was added to the Preamble by Indira Gandhi, reflecting a political strategy rather than a deeply rooted constitutional principle. As this article delves into the nuances of secularism in India, it highlights its impact on the nation's citizens, and addresses the evolution and debates surrounding the concept within the country's legal framework.

The Evolution of Secularism in the Indian Constitution

When the Indian Constitution was being drafted, the framers were well-versed with the term secularism and its implications. However, they deemed it unnecessary to include it in a specific constitutional article, deeming it extraneous. This decision was based on the inherent spirit of secularism that was embedded in the Indian psyche, derived from its diverse religious and cultural heritage.

Despite the term's absence, secularism in India has always been understood as the principle of equal respect for all religions and a state that does not promote any specific religion. Unlike countries like the United Kingdom and Pakistan, India has never designated an official religion, emphasizing the freedom of individuals to choose and practice any religion they desire without governmental interference.

The Impact of Secularism on Indian Citizenship

The right to equality, a fundamental right enshrined in the Constitution of India, is directly dependent on the principle of secularism. Secularism ensures that all individuals, regardless of their religious beliefs, receive equal treatment under the law. This is evident in the political landscape, where individuals like Sunak, irrespective of their religion, can aspire to and achieve high positions of power.

Debates and Controversies Surrounding Secularism in India

While the concept of secularism in India is based on the equal respect for all religions, it has faced criticism and controversy. The term 'secular' is often misconstrued or misused in political discourse, giving it a restrictive connotation that goes beyond its original meaning. This has led to debates about the true essence of secularism in the Indian context.

The term 'secular' itself has an English origin and may not resonate with the cultural and historical context of India. For instance, the word 'secular' in the British East India Company Dictionary of 1787 was associated with Muslims (Mohammedans). This historical perspective further complicates the understanding of secularism in contemporary India.

Secularism in the Indian Constitution: An Amended Structure

Secularism as it exists in the Indian Constitution was not part of the original text, but was added later. The term has been used for political gains and has shifted from its natural meaning to a more restrictive interpretation. This reinterpretation was a result of political maneuvers, particularly under the leadership of Indira Gandhi, who sought to strengthen her position and impose emergency rule.

The Supreme Court of India has held that the parliament cannot change the basic structure of the Constitution, which includes the principle of secularism. However, the interpretation of this principle can evolve with time, reflecting changing political and social landscapes. The term 'secular' as it is used in the Indian context may have a different meaning from its original English definition.

Conclusion

The concept of secularism in India is complex and has evolved over time. It is a principle that guarantees equal respect and treatment for all religions and ensures the freedom of individuals to practice and follow any religion they choose. While secularism in India is about inclusivity and equal treatment under the law, it has faced historical and contemporary challenges that have shaped its interpretation and application.

Understanding secularism in the Indian context is crucial for both citizens and policymakers to ensure that the principle remains a cornerstone of Indian democracy and society.

References

For a deeper understanding, one may refer to official documents of the Indian Constitution, historical records, and scholarly articles on the topic.