The Pioneers of American Poetry: Edgar Allan Poe vs. Walt Whitman

When discussing the origins and pioneers of American poetry, two names often come to mind: Edgar Allan Poe and Walt Whitman. However, opinions and interpretations regarding each poet are quite divisive. This article explores the perspectives on both poets and delves into the essence of what defines American poetry.

Edgar Allan Poe: The Father of American Poetry?

One commonly debated question is whether Edgar Allan Poe should be considered the father of American poetry. Poe's influential works, such as his poem "The Raven," where the ominous raven perpetually repeats "Nevermore," have left an indelible mark on American literature and poetry.

“The Raven”

“The Raven” is a hauntingly beautiful work that continues to captivate readers with its intricate meter and memorable imagery. Poe's mastery of the poem's rhythm and the chilling refrain "Nevermore" have made it a cornerstone of American literary canon.

The Criticisms

Not all agree with the notion of Poe being the father of American poetry. Some literary critics and readers argue that Walt Whitman is overrated, citing his open sexuality and explicit references which they find deeply troubling.

Walt Whitman’s Controversial Critique

For instance, Whitman’s poetic expression of homosexual themes, particularly in his works like " Leaves of Grass," which include verses about fellatio, are often described as immoral and offensive. Critics like Harold Bloom, a renowned poet critic, have emphasized the complexity and depth of Whitman's work, arguing against such oversimplification.

What is American Poetry?

The definition of American poetry is broad and encompasses any piece of poetry written by an American poet. However, it can be challenging to pinpoint the exact origins. Even works from before the 1775 Declaration of Independence could be considered, given their influence on American literary and poetic traditions.

The essence of American poetry lies in its unique blend of local themes and a distinctive style that often reflects the complexities of the American experience. From the revolutionary spirit to the diversity of the American landscape, American poetry is an ever-evolving genre that continues to push boundaries.

The Mother of American Poetry

The term "mother of American poetry" is less commonly used but can refer to the foundational poets who laid the groundwork for the genre. Some suggest that Walt Whitman, due to his bold and innovative approach, might hold this title. His openness and exploration of human emotions and experiences provide a rich foundation for many future poets.

Walt Whitman's Influence

Whitman’s works, particularly his collection "Leaves of Grass," have been instrumental in shaping the American poetic tradition. His attention to everyday life and his celebration of the common man set a new standard for American poetry. Writing in a more accessible and unashamed manner, Whitman challenged established norms and inspired a generation of poets.

Conclusion

The debate over who the father or mother of American poetry is not just an academic exercise but reflects the diversity and complexity of American literary traditions. Whether it's Edgar Allan Poe with his haunting verse or Walt Whitman with his pioneering style, both poets have made significant contributions to the American poetic canon.

Ultimately, the richness of American poetry comes from its evolution and the myriad voices that have contributed to its development. As readers and critics continue to engage with these works, the dialogue not only enriches our understanding of poetry but also reflects the broader cultural and social landscape.