The Feasibility of Growing Irradiated Potatoes on Mars: A Comprehensive Analysis

Andy Weir's The Martian is a thrilling tale of survival on Mars. Mark Watney, played by Matt Damon, manages to live and thrive using his ingenuity, resourcefulness, and a good dose of scientific know-how. A central element to Watney's survival is growing potatoes; however, this aspect of the story raises numerous questions. Is it plausible to grow irradiated potatoes on Mars? Can the Martian soil support their growth, or is it too toxic? Let's delve into the science behind these elements and explore their implications for future Mars colonization.

Feasibility of Growing Irradiated Potatoes

The potatoes used in The Martian are irradiated to extend their shelf life and prevent spoilage. This process is indeed commonly used on Earth to preserve food and reduce the chance of bacterial contamination. However, in the context of Mars, irradiation may not be the most appropriate method of food preservation.

Challenges of Irradiated Potatoes

The irradiation process can inhibit the sprouting and growth of seeds. This is because irradiation damages the genetic material of seeds, making it difficult for them to germinate. In The Martian, Weir ingeniously allows Watney to cultivate the potatoes for sustenance. In reality, the irradiation process would likely render the potatoes unusable for planting. Nevertheless, the idea of using irradiated potatoes as a survival food is a plausible strategy in the context of the narrative.

Microbiology and Food Safety

In the real world, NASA is meticulous about food safety measures. Irradiating food can eliminate harmful microorganisms, reducing the risk of foodborne illness among astronauts. While irradiated potatoes may delay spoilage, it does not guarantee that they can be successfully planted and cultivated in a Martian environment.

The Challenges of Martian Soil

While the irradiation of potatoes is a valid preservation technique, the Martian soil presents significant challenges. The soil on Mars is heavily contaminated with perchlorates, which are highly toxic and inhibit the growth of Earth organisms. Even mixing Martian soil with waste is not enough to make it viable for growing potatoes.

Addressing Perchlorate Contamination

Addressing the toxic perchlorates in Martian soil would require extensive processes and resources. NASA would need to wash the soil with thousands of gallons of water to remove these salts. This process is far beyond the capabilities available to Watney, who is faced with immediate survival challenges.

Other Food Options

Weir's decision to choose potatoes as a primary food source in the Martian habitat is strategic. While irradiated potatoes would not grow, other options such as raw almonds are less suitable. Raw almonds might meet the criteria of being plantable and nutritious, but their ability to grow to a sufficient size in the short timeframe required for Watney's survival is doubtful.

Conclusion

The feasibilities of growing irradiated potatoes on Mars, while challenging, are not entirely without merit. However, the narrative's portrayal of these elements is a blend of scientific accuracy and artistic license. Irradiated potatoes serve as a practical food source for Watney, highlighting his ingenuity and resourcefulness in an inhospitable environment. The challenges of Martian soil, particularly its perchlorate contamination, underscore the difficulties of establishing a sustainable food supply in a Mars colony. While The Martian may contain plot holes, it provides valuable insights into the complex challenges of human exploration beyond Earth.