Tarzan vs. Mowgli: Exploring the Differences for Newbies

For newcomers to the world of classic literature, Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness and Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book can be a fascinating yet perplexing comparison. With their different protagonists and richly detailed settings, understanding the fundamental differences between Tarzan and Mowgli can help deepen your appreciation for these iconic characters.

Origins and Creators

Tarzan, the son of an English lord (or a Scottish lord, depending on the source), was brought up by apes in the lush jungles of Africa. This character was famously created by American author Edgar Rice Burroughs. Burroughs established the setting of Tarzan's adventures in the African continent, a place of wild, uncharted wilderness that contrasts sharply with the more familiar terrains of Asia.

In contrast, Mowgli, the protagonist of The Jungle Book, is an Indian foundling who is raised by wolves in the dense forests of India. Rudyard Kipling, a renowned British author, conceived Mowgli and set his stories in the Indian subcontinent. Kipling's creation features a rich, cultural tapestry that reflects the complexities of Indian society.

Setting and Adventure Dynamics

The settings for both protagonists are as different as their origins. While Tarzan's adventures primarily take place in his adulthood amidst the vast African savannah, Mowgli's journey is a coming-of-age tale that unfolds almost entirely during his childhood in the Indian jungle.

African vs. Indian Settings:

Africa: Tarzan's environment is described in Burroughs' works as a place where ancient, powerful creatures like gorillas and man-eating lions roam. Burroughs often emphasized the striking beauty and variety of African flora and fauna in his narratives, which served as a backdrop for Tarzan's heroic deeds. India: Mowgli's world, as depicted in Kipling's stories, is a land of exotic flora, wildlife, and the complex social structures of various animal clans. Mowgli's adventures often center around his integration into these animal communities, his learning of human language, and his eventual return to human society.

Character Development and Social Background

Tarzan is a character of noble descent, though he was raised by apes. His social background is largely unknown to him due to his upbringing. As an adult, Tarzan, also known as John Clayton, III, manifests the traits of both his human and ape heritage. He is depicted as a strong, fearless, and equitable leader, often admired for his benevolence and integrity.

Mowgli, on the other hand, does not have a traditional human family, but he interacts with both human and animal communities. While he occasionally assumes a leadership role among the wolves, he is eventually recognized by human society, particularly by the famed forester Baloo. Kipling's stories often explore themes of adaptation, acceptance, and loyalty, which are central to Mowgli's character development.

Language, Power, and Adventure

Tarzan's adventures are often characterized by his use of language and intelligence to navigate the complex world of the jungle. His communication with apes and his ability to understand and speak the languages of various creatures are key aspects of his story.

Mowgli, in contrast, must learn the human language and adapt to human culture. His interactions with animals and humans are crucial, but he faces the additional challenge of having to reintegrate into human society. This aspect is explored in depth in the tales of The Jungle Book, where Mowgli's blending of human and animal knowledge plays a significant role.

Comparing the Works

For a detailed comparison, reading The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling and a selection of Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan novels is highly recommended. Each author offers a unique perspective on these characters and their journeys, providing a wealth of insight into the rich tapestry of their stories.

Key Differences:

Setting: The African savannah for Tarzan and the Indian jungles for Mowgli. Character Development: Tarzan grows into a noble leader, while Mowgli adapts to both human and animal communities. Language and Power: Tarzan uses his unique ability to communicate with animals, whereas Mowgli must master human language and culture.

Both Tarzan and Mowgli offer compelling stories that explore themes of adaptation, survival, and the complexities of belonging. Reading these works can be an enlightening experience for any new reader, providing a glimpse into the diverse and rich traditions of adventure literature.

Conclusion

To gain a deeper understanding of these two legendary characters, consider exploring the works of Burton and Kipling. Whether you're reading The Jungle Book or any of the Tarzan novels, you'll be captivated by the adventures of these unforgettable characters and the worlds they inhabit.

Key Points to Remember:

Origins and Creators: Burroughs vs. Kipling Setting: Africa vs. India Adventures: Tarzan in adulthood vs. Mowgli in childhood Character Development: From ape to aristocrat vs. animal-to-human Language and Power: Communication with animals vs. human adaptation