Shiite View of Sunni Scholars: Al-Ghazali, Ibn Arabi, Ibn Taymiyyah, Rumi, and the 4 Sunni Imams

The relationship between Shiites and Sunni scholars varies widely, often influenced by historical and theological contexts, and these scholars have played significant roles in the development of Islamic thought and practices. This article explores the perspectives and attitudes of Shiites towards four prominent Sunni scholars: Al-Ghazali, Ibn Arabi, Ibn Taymiyyah, Rumi, and the four Sunni Imams.

The Historical Context of Sunni and Shiite Relations

Shiates and Sunnis have coexisted for centuries but have often had differing views on religious, political, and social matters. While many Shiite scholars respect figures like Al-Ghazali and Rumi on an academic level, the perception of scholars like Ibn Taymiyyah is predominantly negative. Shiite Muslims generally avoid celebrating and respecting scholars associated with anti-Shiite fatwas, and many express envy and hatred towards those known for their harsh opinions.

Ibn Taymiyyah is often viewed with particular animosity in Shiite circles due to his extremist views and actions, which led to the persecution of Shiite Muslims during his time. He is often seen as the precursor to modern extremist groups like ISIS. However, it's important to note that these divisions existed at a time when the distinction between Sunni and Shiite was not as clear-cut as it is today. During earlier periods, many Muslims supported different political and religious figures, including members of the Abbasid dynasty.

Academic Appreciation and Respect Among Scholars

Al-Ghazali is widely respected within both Sunni and Shiite circles, recognized as one of the greatest minds in Islamic history. Initially considered an Ash’arite and a state clergy, Al-Ghazali was a progressive Islamic scholar who sought to reform Islamic thought, particularly in his efforts to combat the tyranny of the Seljuq government. His works significantly contributed to Islamic philosophy and ethics.

Ibn Arabi is highly respected throughout the Islamic world, though his impact on Europe was more due to geographical proximity rather than direct influence. His contributions to Islamic mysticism and cosmology have left a lasting legacy.

Rumi, the renowned Sufi poet and scholar, is revered by most Muslims, including many Sunni scholars who maintain he implemented progressive teachings. Rumi’s influence on both Sunni and Shiite thought is profound, and his teachings continue to inspire people across religious and political boundaries.

The 4 Sunni Imams and Their Influence

The four Sunni imams—Malik ibn Anas, Abu Hanifa, Muhammad al-Shafi'i, and Ahmad ibn Hanbal—have left an indelible mark on Islamic jurisprudence. While Shiite scholars respect these imams for their contributions to Islamic law, their views have some distinctions.

Malik ibn Anas and Abu Hanifa, the founders of Maliki and Hanafi schools of jurisprudence, were direct students of Ja’far al-Sadiq, the 6th Shiite Imam. This unique academic link has led to a closer alignment between Maliki and Hanafi principles and Ja’fari jurisprudence. Their opinions are well-respected within the Shiite community.

Abu Hanifa, however, had a more ambiguous relationship with his teacher. Although he spent time studying under Ja’far al-Sadiq, he later became critical of the Imam’s teachings and had strong disagreements with him. This is a lesser-known aspect of Shiite-Sunni relations that many modern Shiite Muslims may not be aware of.

Muhammad al-Shafi'i and Ahmad ibn Hanbal, having lived after Ja’far al-Sadiq, were influenced by his teachings and are respected by Shiite scholars but not to the same extent as Malik ibn Anas and Abu Hanifa.

Conclusion and Final Thoughts

The perceptions of Sunni scholars among Shiite Muslims are complex and often overshadowed by historical tensions and personal biases. While many scholars hold religious figures like Al-Ghazali and Rumi in high esteem on an academic level, the influence of Ibn Taymiyyah and others can be viewed as detrimental. Understanding the historical context and the nuances of these relationships can provide a clearer picture of the Islamic sectarian landscape.

By examining these perspectives, we not only enrich our understanding of Islamic intellectual history but also contribute to a more inclusive and respectful dialogue between different Islamic sects and communities.