Did MacBeth Really Leave After He Was Crowned King?

While the character of MacBeth, as portrayed by Shakespeare, has captured the imagination of countless theatergoers and readers, the real MacBeth was a historical figure. In the year 1050 AD, the Kingdom of Alba, which is now known as Scotland, was so secure that King MacBeth felt confident enough to leave his kingdom in order to undertake a holy pilgrimage to Rome. This is a stark contrast to the tumultuous and cursed character in Shakespeare's plays. Let's delve into the historical evidence and explore the real-life events that occurred during MacBeth's reign.

Context and Background

During the reign of King MacBeth, which began in 1040 AD and lasted until his death in 1057 AD, Scotland was a relatively secure and stable kingdom. This stability allowed MacBeth to venture out from the realm and engage in the pursuit of spiritual and religious devotion.

Historical Accounts

The historical record, particularly the works of the Scottish chronicler Thomaso of Cantyre, provides us with the most detailed accounts of MacBeth's pilgrimage to Rome. According to Thomaso, MacBeth believed that by undertaking a pilgrimage to Italy, he would earn the favor of God and secure the continuity and prosperity of his kingdom. This act of piety and devotion to the Christian faith was a common practice for rulers of that era and was regarded as a means to garner divine favor.

The Pilgrimage to Rome

In 1050 AD, MacBeth embarked on a journey to Rome, the spiritual heart of Christendom. He entrusted the governance of the realm to his wife, Gruoch, a strong and capable queen in her own right. It is important to note that Gruoch, the historical figure, should not be confused with the cunning and villainous Lady MacBeth portrayed in Shakespeare's plays. Scholar and historian Lewis Spinks has shed light on the fact that while MacBeth was away, Gruoch played a crucial role in maintaining the stability and governance of the kingdom.

MacBeth's decision to travel to Rome was not without precedent. Kings and rulers of the time often sought to demonstrate their piety and commitment to Christianity through such journeys. The journey was long and arduous, requiring MacBeth to cross dangerous seas and mountains. His pilgrimage was a testament to his dedication to religious devotion and his desire to secure the future of his kingdom.

Securing the Realm

While MacBeth was away on his pilgrimage, Gruoch did not let Scotland fall into chaos. She effectively ruled the realm in his absence, ensuring that the kingdom remained stable and secure. One of the significant challenges that Gruoch faced was maintaining the peace among the various clans and nobles. Her leadership was crucial in maintaining the cohesion and unity of the kingdom during this period.

Historical Significance

The story of MacBeth's pilgrimage to Rome is a testament to the balance between religious devotion and royal duty. It highlights the importance of leadership in ensuring the stability and prosperity of a kingdom. Gruoch's role during this period further emphasizes the strong and capable queen that she was, capable of leading the nation in the absence of her king.

Legacy and Impact

The legacy of MacBeth's pilgrimage to Rome has endured through historical accounts and has become an integral part of Scotland's rich history. It serves as a reminder of the multifaceted nature of leadership and the balance between spiritual and temporal realms.

Conclusion

In summary, contrary to the dramatic and often negative portrayal of MacBeth in Shakespeare's plays, historical accounts clearly show that he was a ruler who was able to step away from his duties and secure the governance of his kingdom with the help of his capable wife. The historical MacBeth was a figure of faith, commitment, and leadership, whose pilgrimage to Rome exemplifies his dedication to his faith and his kingdom.